Tham khảo Nhiệt năng

  1. ↑ Bailyn, M. (1994). A Survey of Thermodynamics, American Institute of Physics Press, New York, ISBN 0-88318-797-3, p. 82.
  2. ↑ Born, M. (1949). Natural Philosophy of Cause and Chance, Oxford University Press, London, p. 31.
  3. ↑ Robert F. Speyer (2012). Thermal Analysis of Materials. Materials Engineering. Marcel Dekker, Inc. tr. 2. ISBN 0-8247-8963-6.
  4. ↑ Ashcroft, Neil; Mermin, N. David (1976). Solid State Physics. Harcourt. tr. 20. ISBN 0-03-083993-9. We define the thermal current density j q {\displaystyle {\bf {j}}^{q}} to be a vector parallel to the direction of heat flow, whose magnitude gives the thermal energy per unit time crossing a unit area perpendicular to the flow.
  5. ↑ Matter, Living Force, and Heat, 1884, I am inclined to believe that both of these hypotheses will be found to hold good,—that in some instances, particularly in the case of sensible heat, or such as is indicated by the thermometer, heat will be found to consist in the living force of the particles of the bodies in which it is induced; whilst in others, particularly in the case of latent heat, the phenomena are produced by the separation of particle from particle, so as to cause them to attract one another through a greater space.

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